Ein somalischer Geflüchteter hat sich in Tripolis mit Benzin überschüttet und sich verbrannt, nachdem ihm mitgeteilt worden war, dass er nicht auf der UN-Flüchtlingsliste fürs Resettlement stand. Er starb im Krankenhaus. Zwei Jahre Flucht durch drei Länder hatte er hinter sich. Er war von Menschenhändlern mehrmals verkauft worden und hatte überlebt, als bei der Mittelmeerpassage das Schlauchboot unterging. Die sogenannte libysche Küstenwache hatte ihn zurück in ein Internierungslager der regierungsnahen Milizen in Tripolis deportiert.
Zusammen mit seiner 21-jährigen somalischen Frau hatten ihn die UN-Vertreter aus dem Triq al-Sikka Internierungslager herausgeholt, das von einer regierungsnahen Miliz in Tripolis betrieben wird. Ihnen wurde gesagt, dass sie auf die nächste UN-Resettlementliste kommen würden. Aber ihre Namen standen dann nicht darauf. Seine Frau sagt, dass so viele Leute ausgeflogen wurden, die nach ihnen aus den Lagern herausgeholt worden waren. Im Lager fehlte es an den allernötigsten sanitären Einrichtungen. „So viele Leute hatten TBC, einige starben in meinen Armen. Ich wurde geschlagen, wir wurden mit Elektrokabeln gefoltert“, sagte sie der BBC. Inzwischen hat sie das Triq al-Sikka-Internierungslager verlassen und wurde als Traumatisierte in einem Zelt-Transitlager im Niger untergebracht. Eine Rückdeportation nach Somalia wäre für sie ihr Todesurteil, so sagte sie der BBC.
Des Weiteren berichtet die BBC: Zwei Menschenrechtsgruppen haben ihre Zusammenarbeit mit dem UNHCR und der IOM in Libyen beendet. Sie machen die beiden UN-Agenturen mitverantwortlich für die unmenschlichen Internierungslager in Libyen und die Massen-Push-Backs der sogenannten libyschen Küstenwache im Auftrag der EU, die zudem nicht als Seenotrettungen, sondern als brutale Aktionen auf dem Meer ablaufen. Vertreter beider UN-Agenturen stehen in den Häfen, um die Zurückdeportierten polizeiähnlich zu registrieren.
BBC O-Ton: Since 2015 both the UNHCR and IOM have been providing training workshops and equipment for the coastguard, which intercepted more than 15,000 people and returned them to Libya last year. Some say this co-operation with the coastguard compromises the impartiality of the two UN agencies.“They work together with the EU to ensure that the migration problem is not coming to Europe,“ a humanitarian worker said.“This is the aim of the EU and some of the European states, and I think they [UNHCR and IOM] are the implementers of that on the ground.“
Mit der Selbstverbrennung spitzt sich die Protestwelle in und um die libyschen KZs zu. Die EU wie auch der UNHCR und die IOM werden direkt für die KZs und die brutalen Pushbacks verantwortlich gemacht. Die Selbstverbrennung kann zum Fanal werden.
Migrant crisis: Self-immolation exposes UN failures in Libya
[…] The UNHCR denies that its work at the centre legitimises it, and says that it actually helps to improve conditions there. But some aid workers disagree and two groups have stopped working with the UNHCR.
The couple fled Islamist al-Shabab militants in Somalia in 2016 and ended up in the hands of people-trafficking gangs in Libya.
After a shootout between smugglers in Bani Walid, dubbed the trafficking capital of western Libya, they escaped and managed to board a blow-up boat with 140 other migrants to attempt the crossing over the Mediterranean.
But the boat ran out of fuel and Libyan coastguards, who are trained and backed by the European Union (EU), forcibly took them to Tripoli, where the migrants were met by UN staff and then transported by military trucks to the detention centre.
Libyan coastguard ‚collusion‘
The UNHCR, whose mandate is to protect refugees, and its sister agency the UN’s International Organization for Migration (IOM), also face criticism from other humanitarian workers and migrants for co-operating with the Libyan coastguard, which has been accused of human rights violations during some sea rescues.
Since 2015 both the UNHCR and IOM have been providing training workshops and equipment for the coastguard, which intercepted more than 15,000 people and returned them to Libya last year.
Some say this co-operation with the coastguard compromises the impartiality of the two UN agencies.
„They work together with the EU to ensure that the migration problem is not coming to Europe,“ a humanitarian worker said.
„This is the aim of the EU and some of the European states, and I think they [UNHCR and IOM] are the implementers of that on the ground.“ […]
The UNHCR and IOM say they are acting in the interests of saving migrants‘ lives.
„We acted in the migrants‘ interests, not the coastguard’s. We advocate forcefully that migrants returned to Libyan shores by the Libyan coastguard should not be detained arbitrarily and indeed that they should not be detained at all. Day in day out our staff enter these detention centres seeking to assist migrants,“ the IOM told the BBC.
The UNHCR says its presence at ports where the Libyan coastguards bring intercepted migrants is important because it can register them and provide assistance.
„I don’t think that being at disembarkation points is participating in criminal mechanisms,“ UNHCR country manager Jean-Paul Cavalieri, told the BBC.
But critics, including former UNHCR employees, feel their presence legitimises the unlawful return of migrants to Libya and their transfer to detention centres.
„Refugees like Leyla risk being tortured, abused by guards arriving high on drugs, drunk at night, abusing, beating up refugees in total impunity – deciding that they are going to intentionally starve them for weeks,“ said Giulia Tranchina, a lawyer who has represented people trapped in Libya.
The detention centres are said to be more like prisons and an opportunity for militias to make money.
The UNHCR’s top official admits: „These detention centres, at least some of them, they work on a business model that involves smugglers, traffickers, sometimes forced labour.“
He argued that the UNHCR’s work at the detention centres did not legitimise them – as they would exist anyway – and by registering jailed migrants it prevented migrants from being sold on to traffickers.
However, witnesses told the BBC many detainees never manage to get registered.
‚Incompetent‘ organisation
The UN and other non-governmental organisations find that Libya is a difficult environment to work in – and the UNHCR is not even recognised by the government in Tripoli. […]
A tranche of confidential documents, unpublished reports and email correspondence given to the BBC by several sources also reveals a chaotic and „dysfunctional“ humanitarian response, especially when dealing with other NGOs.
„I have never seen this level of incompetence,“ a humanitarian worker in Libya, who has worked closely with UNHCR, said.
Since 2014 the EU has spent 338m euro ($377m; £303m) on projects in Libya, which it says is to help migrants like Leyla and Mohamed, through funding the UN and NGOs.
A UN audit of the UNHCR published in March revealed mismanagement of funds, and multiple instances of failures to assess how much aid was needed and failures in verifying its delivery.The report found $2.9m had been overspent on aid which was not then used. It also suggested bidding for contracts was not transparent and questioned why deals were done in US dollars rather than local currency.
Documented evidence given to the BBC shows that donors have been made aware of failings since 2018.
In June, an email leaked to the BBC, addressed to EU officials and diplomats, spoke of deteriorating conditions in the detention centre in Khoms, including human rights abuses, disappearances of migrants and suspected collusion between prison guards and human traffickers.
Two foreign NGOs, including International Medical Corps, then unilaterally suspended their work there, citing a lack of response by both the UNHCR and IOM.
In December, the UNHCR paid for a controversial „Gathering and Departure Facility“ in Tripoli at a cost of $3.5m, much trumpeted by the EU as an „alternative to detention“ free from the abuse seen at other detention centres.
But even access to the compound is controlled by Tripoli’s Ministry of Interior and there is no freedom of movement for the migrants waiting there to be evacuated to neighbouring Niger. […9
By Rana Jawad North Africa correspondent
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