Die NGO Ärzte ohne Grenzen berichtet von zwei Schiffskatastrophen Anfang September 2018 nahe Malta. Überlebende, die von der sogenannten libyschen Küstenwache aus der Stadt Khoms (120 km östlich von Tripolis) gerettet wurden, berichteten am 02.09.2018 den Ärzten ohne Grenzen von ausgebliebener Hilfe trotz Notruf an das IMRCC und vom Ertrinken ihrer Mitfahrenden. Die NGO konnte sie bei ihrer Anlandung in Khoms und vor ihr Verbringung in Lager sprechen. Demnach waren die zwei Boote am Samstag dem 01.09.2018 frühmorgens aufgebrochen.
Auf jedem Boot befanden sich mehr als 160 Personen aus dem Sudan, aus Mali, Nigeria, Kamerun, Ghana, Libyen, Algerien und Ägypten, unter ihnen viele Kinder. Ab der Mittagszeit setzte auf dem ersten Boot der Motor aus, und das zweite Schlauchboot wurde undicht. Auf ihrem Satellitentelefon konnten sie erkennen, dass sie sich nahe Malta befanden. „Wir riefen die italienische Seenotrettungs-Leitstelle an, schickten ihnen unsere Koordinaten und baten um Rettung – erste Personen waren bereits ins Wasser gefallen.“ Wir konnten nicht schwimmen, und nur Wenige hatten Schwimmwesten. In Abstand von einigen Stunden kamen zwei Mal Flugzeuge und warfen Schwimmwesten ab. „Unser Boot war bereits gekentert, wir waren im Wasser. Von unserem Boot starben 55 Personen.“ Sie alle hätten nicht sterben müssen, wenn die Rettung eher gekommen wäre.
Am 02.09.2018 brachte die sogenannte libysche Küstenwache 276 Boat-people nach Khoms. Die Zurückgebrachten waren 181 Männer, 42 Frauen und 24 Kinder (darunter 2 Babys unter einem Jahr alt). Sie wurden alle in Lager verschleppt. Unter ihnen befanden sich Personen, die vom UNHCR in Tripolis oder in anderen Ländern als asylberechtigt anerkannt worden waren. Sie hätten Tripolis wegen der Gewalt der Milizenkämpfe verlassen wollen, die am 26.08.2018 begonnen haben.
More than a hundred people have reportedly died in a shipwreck off the Libyan coast one week ago, survivors told Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) teams working in Libya. A group of 276 people, among them survivors of the shipwreck, were brought from the sea to the port city of Khoms (120 kilometres east of Tripoli) by the Libyan coast guard on Sunday 2 September. MSF has been providing urgent medical assistance following disembarkation.
Personal account from a survivor of the shipwreck
According to the information received by MSF staff, two rubber boats reportedly left the Libyan coast early in the morning on Saturday 1 September. Each boat was carrying more than 160 people of different nationalities including Sudanese, Malians, Nigerians, Cameroonians, Ghanaians, Libyans, Algerians and Egyptians.
“While the first boat had stopped due to an engine failure, our boat continued to navigate and began deflating around 1pm. There were 165 adults and 20 children on-board”, explains a survivor of the shipwreck.
“At that time, the mobile satellite phone showed that we were not far from Maltese coast. We called the Italian coastguard and sent our coordinates, asking for assistance as people started to fall in the water. We were told they would send someone. But the boat started sinking. We couldn’t swim and only a few people had life jackets. Those among us who could hold on the boat’s floating hood stayed alive.”
“[European] Rescuers came later by air and threw life rafts but everybody was in the water; the boat had already sunk and capsized. A few hours later, other rescuers also came by air, throwing more life rafts. On our boat, only 55 people survived. Many people died, including families and children. They could have been saved if rescuers had come earlier”, the survivor continued.
“More than 20 children have died, including two 17-months old twins who perished, along with their mother and father. The Libyan coastguard also arrived, rescuing first the shipwreck survivors and then recovering the second boat. We were all brought here to Libya.” Only two bodies were recovered.MSF emergency response
MSF has treated survivors with chemical burns from the engine petrol spills.
“Our medical team worked solidly for several hours to assist survivors with the most serious conditions”, says Jai Defranciscis, an MSF nurse working in Misrata, northwest Libya. “We managed to treat 18 urgent cases – among them were nine people suffering from extensive chemical burns (up to 75 percent of the body). We organised a referral to the hospital for a patient in particularly critical condition: without quick access to specialised intensive care, the person would have died.”
Upon disembarkation, the group was transferred to a detention centre under the control of the Libyan authorities. It is common for people returned to Libya from unseaworthy boats to be sent back into a harmful system of arbitrary detention. Between January and August 2018, the EU-supported Libyan Coast Guard had returned 13, 185 refugees and migrants to Libya.
As part of our activities in detention centres in and around Khoms, MSF teams have provided further medical and follow-up care to the group while they remain in detention. Among the group are pregnant women, children and babies, and people with serious medical conditions and chemical burns. MSF teams have also organised six additional referrals to hospital.
Sick and traumatised people left with no alternative than arbitrary detention
“We are extremely worried for our patients. How can they recover when they are locked inside cells, in very poor hygiene conditions, and sleeping on blankets or mattresses placed on the floor that cause incredible pain for those suffering from severe burns? Some of them cannot even sit or walk.” says Defranciscis. “We have started to see patients with severe chest infections like pneumonia, caused by being in the water for such a long time.”
Inadequate access to clean drinking water and food is likely to delay or prevent people’s recovery and might instead exacerbate their medical conditions.
Many of the survivors are mourning the loss of their relatives. On top of the dangers faced during the journey through Libya, they have experienced another very traumatic situation at sea. Instead of receiving the support they need, refugees and migrants are arrested and detained in deplorable living conditions, without basic safeguards or legal recourse.
Among those detained, MSF has met asylum seekers and refugees who have been registered or recognised by UNHCR in Libya or another country. Their prospects appear particularly bleak: UNHCR-led mechanisms to evacuate them from Libya to Niger and resettle them in a third country, launched in 2017 in the aftermath of the global outrage sparked by CNN footage, have remained at a standstill for several months.
Instead, asylum seekers and refugees face indefinite arbitrary detention and are at risk of being trafficked, as criminal networks are often the only option left for people to continue their journey in search of safety.
Some people also told our teams that they had decided to leave Tripoli to escape the violent clashes and shelling that began on 26 August in the capital.
MSF reiterates its call to end the arbitrary detention of thousands of refugees and migrants across Libya and scale ways to evacuate them to safety out of the country. Specifically, MSF urges:
- UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) and safe countries to rapidly organise the evacuation of refugees and asylum-seekers from Libya and expedite their resettlement.
- UN Migration Agency (IOM) and countries of origin to expedite the evacuation and repatriation of migrants in Libya who wish to return to their home countries.
- European States and Libyan authorities to stop intercepting people who flee by sea and returning them to Libya as a mean to prevent arrivals to Europe.